steve wynn :: essays research papers fc

Steve Wynn’s Nevada      What better approach to set off Nevada’s centennial birthday than with the opening of the world’s most exceptionally foreseen retreat. Steve Wynn is set to open the main inn sufficient to put his mark on, Wynn Las Vegas is set to open its entryways on April 28th, Elaine Wynn’s birthday. As of now completely reserved through July, you will require in excess of an American Express dark card to get a room there before Fall. At an insignificant $2.6 billion and tallying, the tasteful fifty story bronze mammoth is home to 2,700 rooms situated opposite the Fashion Show Mall. Every suite has floor to roof windows with perspectives on either the strip, a man made mountain and lake or the title green planned by widely acclaimed Tom Fazio. Among two new perfect themed theaters, many eateries, a Maserati and Ferarri business, top of the line boutiques, a spa and an enormous cascade, it will likewise include Steve and Elaine Wynn’s display of fine art f rom their own private assortment. One of the new showrooms will ideally merit its $100 million sticker price. It seats 2,000 and is molded like a globe with water streaming all around the partitioned segments. On-screen characters will perform all through the venue inside forty feet of each seat, which makes for no terrible seat in the house.      It’s distinguishing strength will be what Wynn has been known for previously, flawless top notch administration. Since October of a year ago near 110,000 applied on line for an opportunity to work with such a fruitful hotelier. So for his potential benefit he had the option to single out simply the best, numerous from his prospective rivals. Just 9,000 made the finished product. This will be his huge rebound since leaving five years prior when he sold the Mirage Resorts to MGM Grand Inc. for $6.4 billion.      Plans for growing the uber resort that still can't seem to open are well under way. A proposed $200 million development will include eighteen extravagance golf manors, additional stopping, another theater and more gambling club space. Later upwards of 1,400 additional rooms will be added which is required to cost another a large portion of a billion dollars when its done.      As a kid Wynn went to military school and would proceed to go to extraordinary compared to other business colleges in the nation, Wharton at University of Pennsylvania.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

The board - Essay Example epartment ought to break down and coordinate the present procedures and furthermore the procedures like enrollment, maintenance, worker improvement, authority advancement, execution the executives frameworks, workforce arranging, business culture and so forth. Enlistment is the way toward putting correct individuals at the perfect spot at the ideal time while maintenance is the way toward holding the representatives with the assistance of remunerations and supporting frameworks. Representative improvement implies the way toward giving legitimate preparing to the workers while authority advancement is the program for creating initiative aptitudes among representatives. Execution the board frameworks gather the criticisms about the representative exhibitions and take suitable systems to support or improve it. Workforce arranging is the powerful usage of the current labor and business culture is introducing a positive method of performing. Execution the executives frameworks are significant both for the business and the representative. On the off chance that the representative feels that his exhibitions were paid attention to by the association, at that point he will improve his profitability and therefore the association will likewise profit by that. A very much characterized exhibition the board framework may have components of representative turn of events, compensation survey, individual execution and business execution. Associations can spare a significant measure of cash holding the representatives and improving the exhibitions of the workers. Ability the board plan can likewise draw in representatives from outside additionally and increasingly over it can help the association in recognizing the kind of workers required, territories should have been improved and calibrating of the business ways of thinking dependent on the evolving patterns. In this manner both Performance Management System and Talent Management plan can work connected at the hip to improve the general profitability of an association. The above article has reinforced my comprehension about the need of execution the board and ability the executives frameworks in association. Indeed

The New Testament Times

The Jewish strict world is viewed as one of the significant subjects during the New Testament times. So as to completely comprehend the New Testament, one must have a more clear comprehension of what are the potential likenesses or potential contrasts between the Jewish strict world and non-Jewish strict world during the hour of Christ. The center concentration during the moment of the Old Testament was the law and the agreement, yet during the hour of the New Testament, it was Jesus Christ. Let us initially consider the non-Jewish strict world as the Christian world. The principle closeness between the Jews and the non-Jew, especially the Christians, is that they put stock in a similar God and the two gatherings have recognized the authority of the Old Testament. Be that as it may, one of the fundamental contrasts between the Jews and the Christians lies in each cluster’s view of the â€Å"messiah†. It has been said that some time before the hour of Jesus Christ, most Jews have just sought after the happening to the â€Å"messiah†, an amazing, fruitful vanquishing ruler from the blood heredity of King David. This ruler is supposed to be the person who might lead Israel to the pinnacle of wonder, with harmony and triumph everywhere throughout the state. In any case, during Christ’s time, his devotees had just acclaimed Him as the â€Å"Messiah†. Therefore, Christians viewed the â€Å"messiah† as their methods for profound salvation due to Christ’s nature as Son of God. Differentiating to what the Jews have accepted, Christ had not lived to be an extraordinary political figure however a giving up, killed person who offered radical expressions, some of which is opposing with the Jewish strict world. These extreme proclamations lead to the acknowledgment of Gentiles or non-Jews into the network. Jesus instructed that the reason for God’s acknowledgment is confidence. The congregation grasps Jews and non-Jews the same. Clashing with the thought, the Pharisees accepted that God is specific with dutifulness of the law from the Old Testament. They guessed that the act of high good thoughts will make them legitimately strict. In this manner, they viewed themselves as holier than non-Pharisees. During the New Testament times, Christianity spread to Asia Minor and Greece. The Jews likewise spread and had huge populaces in urban areas around the globe. With the Christians and the Jews looked into, let us currently consider the non-Jewish strict world as the Greco-Roman strict world, likewise during a similar period. One extraordinary contrast between the Jewish strict world and the Greco-Roman strict world is the quantity of divine beings wherein every strict world perceives. The Jews put stock in just a single God, a similar God of the Christians. Be that as it may, the Greek and the Romans have loved various divinities. The Greek and Roman religion is said to have converged during the hour of the New Testament. This came about to various factions with one god or goddess being disparaged. Conflicting with the high good principles of the Jewish strict world, these religions are said to direct celebrations to pay tribute to their god or goddess in which they take part in â€Å"immoral† exercises. The Cult of Attis, for instance, includes numerous blow-outs. Another model is the Cult of Bacchus where its adherents, during the bubbly days, take part in plastered furors to remember the endowment of life. Reference: Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge. Vol. 3. USA: Grolier Incorporated. 2002. pp.102-106 Key Elements of the Background to the New Testament.â Available: May 6, 2006 Â

Maintenance Facilities Condominium

The Study of Satisfaction Level of Occupants towards the Maintenance and Facilities in PV10 Condominium Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1Background The population in Malaysia is on a rapid growth and this can be seen in the last three (3) years, 2007 2009. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the population growth was from 27.17 million (2007) to 28.31 million (2009). That shows an increase of 1.14 million within three (3) years. This population figure was last updated on the 31 st July 2009. (Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website, 2009) According to the International and National Context of Growth from the Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020, the figure below illustrates the function of Kuala Lumpur and its conurbation (KLC). The figure illustrates functional pyramid for the KLC with more specialised urban functions towards the apex of the pyramid, which represents Kuala Lumpur and more general functions towards its base, representing the remainder of the KLC. (DBKL International and National Context of Growth, 2009) Figure 1Functional Pyramid Source: DBKL International and National Context of Growth (2009) From Figure 1, it is shown that the number of population increases. However, the land area still remains the same. Land scarcity is faced by the people of Kuala Lumpur as more construction works are carried out to meet the demand of the increasing population. The relationship between population and living standard is obvious as the graph shows that the living standard is proportional to the population. According to Datuk Michael Yam (2009), Kuala Lumpurs 1.7 million population is expected to expand by 30% within the next decade and that the market is getting more sophisticated with consumers demanding more facilities, convenience and built quality to improve their quality of life. (The Star, 28 March 2009) Condominiums are on high demand in a high density area like Kuala Lumpur due to the population increase and at the same time this highly populated area is facing scarcity of land. However, the satisfaction of the occupants in a condominium is important to ensure that developers will be able to continue to expand such projects in their firm. This is because, liberalization or opening up of the market gives wider choices of goods or services for consumers which contribute to their satisfaction. (The Star, 6 July 2009) Therefore, the facilities and maintenance provided in a condominium are important to meet the occupants satisfaction towards the condominium they are staying. 1.2Problem Statement In Malaysia, as the population rises through the years, the construction of condominium development also has to increase to meet the demand of increasing residents. As the latest statistic stated that there is a population of 28.31 million (in 2009), there will also be an increase in land use. (Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website, 2009) In Kuala Lumpur, despite the softer conditions in the property market construction will still be an on-going process. According to one of the top companies like Sunrise Sdn. Bhd, they expect to perform well in the next two to three years due to its high unbilled sales of RM 1.36 billion. As at July, Sunrise had sold 93% of 10 Mount Kiara (MK10) units, 45% of 11 Mount Kiara (MK 11), 92% of Solaris Dutamas, 9% of The Residence Phase 2B, 90% of Mont Kiara Meridin, 95% of Mont Kiara Banyan, and 100% of Kiara Designer Suites-Kiara Walk. (The Star, 29 October 2008) As Sunrise is focusing more on the condominium residential type of construction, it is shown that condominium is still in high demand despite the slow economic flow at the moment. However, there must be certain factors which cause the homebuyers to set their mind on purchasing the condominium of their choice. To successfully compete in the long term, the company must be sure that existing customers are satisfied. Providing superior quality and keeping customers satisfied are rapidly becoming the ways for companies to stand out among the other companies. (Zeljko M. TorbicaandRobert C. Stroh., 2001) Figure 2Complaints Statistics (Year 2006) Source: National Home Buyers Association (2006) According to the National House Buyers Association, management and maintenance ranked second in the types of complaint in the complaints statistics. (National House Buyers Association, 2006) The complaints statistics is as illustrated in Figure 2. Therefore, it is important to carry out the research about the satisfaction of the occupants in the aspect of the maintenance and facilities provided in a condominium. Besides that, ways of improving the maintenance and facilities from the occupants point of view will also be carried out in this research. 1.3Aim Objectives Aim To look into the satisfaction levels of occupants towards the maintenance and facilities of the condominium. Objectives vTo determine the satisfaction of occupants in PV 10 Condominium with the maintenance and facilities provided. vTo determine the ways to improve the maintenance and facilities to increase the satisfaction of occupants in PV10 Condominium. 1.4Benefits/Importance of Study This study will benefit three parties; consisting of the developer, the management of the condominium and the occupants of condominiums. The developers will be able to plan their construction wisely to increase the demand in houses and preserve the developers reputation as it is one of the essential key to success for a developer. On the other hand, occupants or homebuyers will benefit when they are able to purchase and stay in the type of house they wish to have, and to own a worth buying piece of property. Besides that, the management of the condominium will be able to plan their management in the maintenance and facilities offered to the occupants as this is the key to customer satisfaction. 1.5Scope of Study This case study will be carried out in PV 10, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak. There are 4 blocks of condominium in PV10 and they will be taken into consideration for this research. This place is chosen because it is one of the latest condominiums built in one of the highly populated area. Maintenance and facilities offered will be further looked into. The maintenance in the condominium will cover the cleanliness and collection of rubbish maintenance, the lifts operation and lighting maintenance and water maintenance. On the other hand, the facilities in the condominium will cover the recreational facilities such as play ground for children, health facilities and the safety facilities. In addition, another facility which will be looked into will be the car parks provided. Maintenance of facilities will also be explained. 1.6Research Methodology 1.6.1Introduction The increase in condominium construction is proportional to the rapid growth of the population in Malaysia. Besides that, land scarcity in high density areas of Kuala Lumpur forces the people to go further into the development of condominiums. 1.6.2Literature Review Data collected will be secondary type of data collection. They consist of: Books Relevant books will be from the Tunku Abdul Rahman Library and National Library. The type of books will be those under building maintenance, facility management, economy, development, research and dissertation studies, property management and other relevant books to the research study. Magazines and Newspapers Magazines and newspapers used will be from local newspapers and magazines. Newspapers search will be the online type of newspaper. News and updates will be taken based on current issues regarding construction, development, property, and maintenance and facilities management that are reported in the newspapers and magazines. Online resources and Journals Online resources will be from reliable sources which provide reference of research papers such as online journals and articles. Relevant sources to the research studies will be taken into consideration through these websites. Online journals will also be those which are regarding with the research study and are available through the college library website which linked to reliable sources such as Emerald. 1.6.3Background PV10 will be the place of case study for this research. This condominium is situated at Jalan Genting Kelang. Resources will be obtained from the management of the condominium and the developer of the condominium. 1.6.4Analysis Primary data will be used in this research and data through this type of data will be analysed. Questionnaire will be selected in order to scrutinize the feedback from the respondent. First, a set of questionnaire will be set. After that, the set of questionnaire will be distributed to occupants in PV10 to get their responds. A selected sample size of 200 will be chosen randomly. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software will be used to analyse the data. Snowball sampling type will be used to determine the satisfaction of occupants in PV10. This type of sampling is chosen as this sampling design will be given out randomly. Besides that, this study design will increase the number of participants in process. 1.6.5Conclusion Recommendation Ways of improving the condominium will be suggested base on the data that will be collected. Figure 3Research methodology References Author unknown, Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Website. 2009. Population (updated 31 July 2009). Viewed on 2 August 2009. Available from: https://www.statistics.gov.my/eng/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=50:populationcatid=38:kaystatsItemid=11 Author unknown, DBKL. 2009. Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020: International and National Context of Growth. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/international_and_national_context_of_growth/index.htm Ng, A. 2009. Raising KLs living standards. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://star-space.com/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/28/pnews/3557279sec=pnews Tan Sri Abdul Rahman Mamat, 2009. Making sense of liberalisation. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/6/business/4240867sec=business Author unknown, 2009. Sunrise is confident RM1.3bil in unbilled sales can sustain performance over three years. Viewed 10 July 2009. Available from: https://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/10/29/business/2397990sec=business Torbica, Zeljko M. and Stroh., Robert C. 2001. Customer satisfaction in home building. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 127(1), pp.82. Author unknown, 2006. Complaints Statistics. Viewed on 10 July 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/HBA/Statistic/complaints_2006.htm Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1Introduction Looking into the population of the world, it is clear that the population will increase as the years go by. The population in the urban areas will increase while the population in the rural areas will decrease through the years. This can be proven when the United Nations (2008), when the World Urbanization Prospects the 2007 Revision corroborates that the world population will reach a landmark in 2008 for the first time in history, as the urban population will equal the rural population of the world and, from then on, the world population will be urban in its majority. The United Nation (2008) also stated that from the year 2007 to 2050, the world population is expected to increase by 2.5 billion, passing from 6.7 billion to 9.7 billion. At the same time, the population living in urban areas is to gain 3.1 billion in 2007 to 6.4 billion in 2050. Thus, the urban form has interdependently affected the development and the governance of the city. Generally, the population in Malaysia will increase as the years go by. The population in the urban areas will increase and this can be seen in the increasing population of the World Class City of Kuala Lumpur. The Draft Kuala Lumpur (KL) City Plan 2020 has five (5) core guiding principles that will frame the draft, and one of these principles is Planning For and With the People (DBKL, 2009). Density Structure of Kuala Lumpur Strategic Zones Area Sq. Kms Population 2005 Density 2005 (person/ sq. km) Population 2020 Density 2020 (person/ sq. km) City Centre 17.7915 143,000 8,038 245,611 13,805 Figure 4 shows the density structure of Kuala Lumpur. The figure also shows that Wangsa Maju Maluri which is within the Setapak area, rank the highest in the 2005 data on population. At the same time, the population is expected to increase and become the third highest in population by the year 2020. According to the DBKL (2009), Kuala Lumpur is a city that houses 2.2 million populations and provides employment to 1.4 million people. The City will thus ensure whatever its plans, builds or develop are based on the wants and needs of the people. Furthermore, the Future Population of Kuala Lumpur in DBKL (2009) stressed that Kuala Lumpur must be liveable in order to encourage people to live in the City comfortably and through the plan allows for an additional 600,000 people in the next 12 years. From the Draft KL City Plan 2020, it shows that the satisfaction of the occupants is also taken into consideration when planning of the city is done. Therefore, this research will focus on the satisfaction level of occupants in one of the most populated area, Setapak. In this chapter, there will be reviews on some key words definition regarding the research study from various sources and the various maintenance and facilities which may also include explanation on some of the types of maintenance and function of maintenance. Reports and case studies on maintenance and facilities will also be included in this chapter. 2.1.1Definitions The satisfaction level of occupants towards the maintenance and facilities in a condominium can be defined as the repair works and the upkeep of a condominium together with the functional things and services provided which fulfil the needs, claim or desire that gives gratification to the occupants or residents of the condominium. Further clarification of this statement can be found through the definition of the key words such as satisfaction, occupants, maintenance, facilities and condominium. 2.1.1.1Satisfaction Finch (2004) proposed that customer satisfaction with facilities is determined not only by technical performance, but also by an intricate set of exchange process, such as effective communication and management of expectations.Salleh and Abdul Ghani (2008) also mentioned that residential and neighbourhood satisfaction is an important indicator of housing quality and condition, which affects individuals quality of life. Besides that, according to the MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009), satisfaction means happiness with arrangement, which can refer to the happiness with the way that something has been arranged or done. On the other hand, Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) defined satisfaction is the state of being satisfied and by the law, it is the payment of a debt of fulfilment of an obligation or claim. In addition, Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) further defines that satisfaction is a feeling of happiness or pleasure when someone gets something that they want, need or ha ve demanded. 2.1.1.2Occupant The Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) defines occupants as someone who lives in a house, room etc. Meanwhile, MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines occupant as a resident of a place. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further clarifies that occupant as a person who occupies a place at a given time. Besides that, according to the Laws of Malaysia (2007), occupier means the person in actual occupation of the building, but, in the case of premises for lodging purposes, does not include a lodger. 2.1.1.3Maintenance Maintenance is synonymous with controlling the condition of a building so that its pattern lies within specified regions as defined by Lee (White, 1969). The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines maintenance as the continuing repair work where work that is done regularly to keep a machine, building or piece of equipment in good condition and working order. Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further defines maintenance as the process of maintaining or being maintained. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) also clarifies in depth that maintenance is the repairs, painting etc. that are necessary to keep something in good condition. In fact, Chanter and Swallow (1996) identified maintenance as actions that relate not only to the physical execution of maintenance work, but also those concerned with its initiation, financing and organisation, and the notion of an acceptable condition. This implies an understanding of the requirements for the effective usage of the building and its parts, which in turn compels broader consideration of building performance from the definition of BS3811 (1984), as it defines maintenance as a combination of any actions carried out to retain an item in, or restore it to an acceptable condition. Besides that, Singh (1996) further defined building maintenance as work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e. every part of a building, its services and surrounds to a currently accepted standard, and to sustain the utility and value of facility. 2.1.1.4Facilties The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines facility as something with particular function, in which something is designed or created to provide a service or fulfil a need. Besides that, Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) defines facility as a building, service, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) further defines facility as a place or building used for a particular activity or industry, or for providing a particular type of service. With these definitions explained from the dictionaries, facilities can be define as services or equipments provided to improve the effectiveness of a building. However, facilities are further clarified by the Charted Institute of Building (CIOB) with the definition that facilities management is an umbrella term under which a wide range of property and user related functions may be brought together for the benefit of the organisation and its employees as a whole (Flanagan et al., 1995). Meanwhile, Alexander (1996) mentioned in his paper that facilities management is first and foremost about organizational effectiveness. 2.1.1.5Condominum The House Buyers Association (2009) mentioned that the word condominium comes from the Latin word con which means together and dominium, meaning property. There are two parts in this type of property ownership. They are the ownership of the individual unit and joint ownership of the common property, in which the property is shared with other unit owners in the project. The MSN Encarta Dictionary (2009) defines condominium as an individually owned apartment, which is an individually owned unit of real estate, especially an apartment or town house, in a building or on land that is owned in common by the owners of the units. Meanwhile, the Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2009) further defines condominium as a building or complex containing a number of individually owned flats or houses. Longman English Dictionary Online (2009) later defines that condominium is one apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people living in it. 2.2Maintenance In Condominium For the maintenance in condominium in Malaysia, there is an act that was specially gazetted on 12th April 2007 for the purpose of maintaining the condominium and its surrounding, together with the facilities available in the condominium. According to the Laws of Malaysia (2007), under the act 663 building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007, the act is to provide for proper maintenance and management of building and common property, and for matters incidental thereto. Maintenance in the condominium comprises maintenance of all the common property area in the condominium. The building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007 further defines common property as development area not comprised in any parcel, such as the structural elements of the building, stairs, stairways, fire escapes, entrances and exits, corridors, lobbies, fixtures and fittings, lifts, refuse chutes, refuse bins, compounds, drains, water tanks, sewers, pipes, wires, cables and ducts that serve more than one parcel, the exterior of all common parts of the building, playing fields and recreational areas, driveways, car parks and parking areas, open spaces, landscape areas, walls and fences, and all other facilities and installations and any part of the land used or capable of being used or enjoyed in common by all the occupiers of the building. Charges which means any money collected by the owner, developer, Body or managing agent from the purchaser for the maintenance and management of the building or land intended for subdivision into parcels and common property, will be taken from the building maintenance account which is also known as building maintenance fund after the account is passed to the Joint Management Body (Laws of Malaysia, 2007). 2.2.1Types of Maintenance According to Gurjit Singh (1996), generally, maintenance management can be approached in the following ways: vCyclical maintenance: this is maintenance for recurring items such as redecoration. vNon-cyclical maintenance: this will apply to the items identified in the condition survey and includes items that need major repairs and replacements. vPlanned preventive maintenance: this is maintenance which is carried out on regular basis to prevent breakdowns. It has the advantage of predicting the loss of facility to the owner and down-time. vEmergency maintenance: this is maintenance which is carried out only when there is a breakdown. It is normally expensive and increases the amount of non productive time. Chanter and Swallow (1996) further explained the types of maintenance according to definitions given in BS 3811 and produced flow charts to summarise the types of maintenance and decision based types of maintenance as below: (1)Planned maintenance: This is maintenance organised and carried out with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan. (2)Unplanned maintenance: Ad hoc maintenance carried out to no predetermined plan. (3)Preventive maintenance: Maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals, or corresponding to prescribed criteria, and intended to reduce the probability of failure, or the performance degradation of an item. (4)Corrective maintenance: Maintenance carried out after failure has occurred, and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform its required function. (5)Emergency maintenance: Maintenance which it is necessary to put in hand immediately to avoid serious consequences. (6)Condition based maintenance: Preventive maintenance initiated as a result of knowledge of the condition of an item from routine or continuous monitoring. (7)Scheduled maintenance: Preventive maintenance carried out to a pre determined interval of time, number of operations, mileage, etc. Figure 5Decision based types of maintenance Source: Chanter and Swallow (1996) 2.2.2Maintenance Function Miles and Syagga (1987) mentioned that the function of maintenance can be divided into three groups. These three groups consist of cleaning and servicing, rectification and repair, and replacement. Both authors also added that cleaning and servicing should be carried out regularly and may be combined with a system of reporting faults, so that repairs can be carried out soon after faults become apparent, thereby avoiding the need for more expensive repairs or even replacement at a later stage. 2.2.3Malaysias Report On Poor Maintenance According to the report from National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2005), residents of Mount Karunmas Condominium fret over cracks in car park. Residents want the developer or maintenance company of the building to rectify the cracks that have appeared on the beams in the car park. Besides the cracks, there was a water leak from the extension joints which were connected to the slabs. In this case, the developer and the maintenance parties did not deliver their duty and responsibility well despites the complaints from the residents and had pin point each other to take hold of the work. In such case, the matter was brought to the press and the local council and the developer in the end stood up rectify the defects and mentioned that defects were only minor cracks. Figure 6A concrete block supporting the beam has chipped off above parking bay no. 173 of the Mount Karunmus Condominium in Balakong. Source: The Star (2005) In another report regarding to maintenance, there was a statement stating that one of the many issues of public concern is how to develop a strong maintenance culture in Malaysia in the interest of public safety and convenience. There was also an addition stating that Malaysia is known as a country which prides itself on the provision of First World infrastructure but not in terms of its maintenance (The Star,24 June 2009) The Star (2009) also mentioned that poor maintenance of childrens playground can result in accidents and injuries. Besides that, poor maintenance of public buildings and infrastructures can also cause accidents, injuries and also flash floods when roads and public drains are not properly maintained. (The Star, 24 June 2009) When maintenance are not done properly, image of the country is also not preserved as tourist would come to Malaysia to visit and this give a bad image to the country when maintenance are poorly done. According to the Star (24 June 2009) improving a countrys image is not only the responsibility of the Government but also the duty of each citizen who must be civic minded. According to the Star (7 May 2009) former squatters moved into the Putri Laksamana apartments in Batu Caves had to deal with poor maintenance, cracking tiles, water leakages, sewage problems and even snakes entering their houses for four years. According to Sundramoorthy Veerasamy (2009), when they moved into the apartment which comprises of 400 units, many of the units had cracked floor tiles and water leaking from the roof and pipes. There were also drainage and garbage problem, and even though the Selayang Municipal Council (MPS) promised to solve the problem, it has been eight months since the problem have not been solved (Sundramoorthy Veerasamy, 2009). Sundramoorthy (2009) also mentioned that they are losing faith in the councillors and state government finding a solution. From this, Government should be able to come out with a solution to help these residents as they are also the citizens of Malaysia and deserve to live in a properly maintained place. Poor maintenance can also lead to criminal activities. According to the Star (7 May 2009) criminal activities like snatch thefts, break-ins, and motorcycle and car thefts are rampant there and drug addicts and pushers also haunt the area of the apartment. MPS councillor Gopalan Krishnan Rajoo (2009) also mentioned that because there is no Joint Management Body (JMB) for the apartment, it is difficult to solve the problems and residents were urged to form the JMB to bring up the residents problems so that they can be solved easily. From this report, it is shown that forming a JMB in a community is important to solve certain problems and that increase in poor maintenance also would increase the crime rate in the area. 2.2.4Case Study of Poor Maintenance Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) in their research which outlines the defects and faults during the design stage that affect building maintenance in Saudi Arabia and their relative degree of importance, came out with a table on the level of importance of design defects on building maintenance. The following tables show the result from the questionnaire done from their research on the defects. Table 2Index and rank of design defects Source: Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) Table 3Index and rank of design defects by groups Source: Abdulmohsen Al Hammad, Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah (1997) From the table above, the maintenance practicality and adequacy which is one of the defect groups rank the highest among the owners. When maintenance are not planned and done adequately, there will be defects and the defects will worsen causing the building to be not safe for the occupants and even aesthetically affected. 2.3Facilties In Condominium In Malaysia, there are many types of facilities available in a condominium. The National House Buyers Association (2009) mentioned that there are many facilities and services in a condominium, such as lifts, swimming pool, gym, tennis court, landscaped gardens and even security services. Further explanation was that these facilities and services are expensive to maintain. Facilities are actually one of the important key aspects which purchasers will look into when buying a condominium. This is because purchasers have to understand that they when purchasing a unit of the condominium, two things are bought. These two things are the individual unit and the common property which includes all the facilities available in the condominium. Nowadays, facilities play a big role in portraying the image of the condominium. Besides that, facilities available in a condominium also determine and set a standard to the condominium. This can be seen when the low end condominiums and high end condominiums are being compared. Types of facilities available will be very different for both types of condominium, where the facilities in the high end condominiums are more and much better than those of low end condominiums. 2.3.1Malaysias Report On Facilities National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2008) reported that hairline cracks have appeared on pillars and car park areas of the Sri Gotong apartment block in Batu Caves for the past year. One of the occupants, Abd Rahman Suraiman, mentioned that the management company Benih Kencana Sdn. Bhd. Should act fast to prevent the situation from getting worse. According to Rahman, who is secretary of the Sri Gotong Apartment Batu Caves Pro tem Committee, the apartment was supposed to have condominium facilities like swimming pool, recreational area and sauna, but such facilities were lacking and the place was not properly maintained. Rahman also mentioned that the sauna room is locked, the gymnasium equipment is damaged and ever since he started staying there, one of the lifts stopped working and has yet to be repair. This report shows that lacking of facilities in a condominium will also cause dissatisfaction to the occupants. Thus, this kind of problem gives the condominium a bad image. In another report from the National House Buyers Association (The Star, 2004) stated that the local authorities are often hampered in their efforts to build sports facilities when developers, in fulfilling the requirement of providing open areas, allocate land that is too small or narrow. The report also added that local authorities wanted to provide more recreational facilities, especially in housing estates, but were unable to do so in some areas due to the lack of land. Developers would usually tell local authorities that they had carried out their responsibility by providing recreational through building playgrounds which are meant for younger children and this leaves teenagers without a proper place for recreation. According to the report, this could more likely cause teenagers. Therefore, it is wise that the developers to allocate sufficient area for the recreational facilities to ensure that occupants in that condominium will be able to live healthy life style also. 2.3.2Case Study On Facilities Hui (2005) in a case study broadly defined that building is to include all assets such as the multi storey building blocks, electrical and mechanical plants, and common areas such as car parks, landscaping and recreational facilities. The building should provide a clean, secure and comfortable environment for living. A framework was proposed to facilitate the ease of understanding the context of building management. The context of building management is represented by a hexagonal cell by Hui (2005) as shown in the figure below. Figure 7Context of building management Source: Hui (2005) In his research, Hui (2005) mentioned that due to the high density of occupancy, the residential buildings in the study are subjected to heavy usage and stress under different weather conditions. The building and facilities naturally age with time. Wear and tear is inevitable. Wastes and external sources of pollution need to be managed and proper operation and maintenance are necessary to prevent the condition of the building from deteriorating. Besides that, customer satisfaction was also mentioned. For the complete customer satisfaction, the quality of the service which also refers to the facilities should be perceived on the basis of five dimensions, namely: 1.tangibles; 2.reliability; 3.responsiveness; 4.assurance; and 5.empathy According to Hui (Headley and Choi, 1992) the gap analysis approached provides excellent information for building a true customer centred attitude to service delivery. In the context of building management, the gap model of service quality is slightly adapted as shown in the figure below. Figure 8Gap model of service quality Source: Hui (2005) From the figure above, the service expected by the maintenance committee and residents may not be the same. Therefore, the contractor has to look after two types of customers. One, the residents of each household are individual customers while the other is the management committee is a corporate customer who provides consolidated feedback to the contractor. Hui (2005) concluded that to reduce the gap between the expected level of service and the perceived level service, customer orientation, information sharing, and a consistent track record of professionalism are important. Tables below are the outcome of the authors case study. Table 4Description of residential estates under study Source: Hui (2005) Table 5Possible causes of gaps Source: Hui (2005) Table 6Guidelines for gap minimization Source: Hui (2005) Indirectly, from the case study, a conclusion that can be made is that facilities and the maintenance of the services or facilities can affect the satisfaction level of the occupants. References United Nation, 2009. World urbanization prospects: the 2007 revision. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_ExecSum_web.pdf DBKL, 2009. KL city plan 2020: future population of kuala lumpur. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://klcityplan2020.dbkl.gov.my/eis/?page_id=290 DBKL, 2009. KL city plan 2020: the draft kl city plan. Viewed on 5 August 2009. Available from: https://klcityplan2020.dbkl.gov.my/eis/?page_id=292 Campbell, L. and Finch, E. 2004. Customer satisfaction and organisational justice. Facilities. 22(7/8), pp.178-189. Salleh and Abdul Ghani. 2008. Neighbourhood factors in private low cost housing Malaysia. Habitat International. 32(4), pp485 493. Laws of Malaysia, 2007. Act 663 building and common property (maintenance and management) act 2007. Viewed on 17 August 2009. Available from: https://www.rehda.com/resources/acts/A663-2007.pdf Lee, R. 1976. Building maintenance management. Great Britain: Granada. Chanter, B. and Swallow, P. 1996. Building maintenance management. Great Britain: Blackwell Science. Gurjit Singh. 1996. Property management in Malaysia. Malaysia: 1995 Federal Publication Sdn. Bhd. Miles, D. and Syagga, P. 1987. Building maintenance a management manual. London: Intermediate Technology Publications. Chow, H. B. 2005. Residents fret over cracks in car park. 10 May 2005. National Home Buyers Association. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/news/2005/505/residents_fret.htm Abdulmohsen Al Hammad and Sadi Assaf and Mansoor Al Shihah. 1997. The effect of faulty design on building maintenance. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 3(1355-2511), pp. 29 39. Flanagan, R., Hadley, N., Hargitay, S., Holmes, R., Jordan, A., Kitson, T., Leaman, A., Marsh, L., Park, A., Spedding, A., Tong, D., Tyler, M., Worthing, D. and Worthington, J. 1995. CIOB handbook of facilities management. England: Longman Group Limited 1994. National House Buyers Association, 2005. A buyer watch article. Viewed on 15 July 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/articles/buyer_watch/2005/condo.htm Michael, S. 2008. Sri Gotong folks upset by poor maintenance of facilities. 17 October 2008. The Star. Viewed on 17 August 2009. Available from: https://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2008/10/17/central/2212533sec=central The Star. 2004. Dont take advantage of loophole, developers told. 30 October 2004. National Home Buyers Association. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.hba.org.my/news/2004/1004/don.htm Hui, Y. Y. 2005. Key success factors of building management in large and dense residential estates. Facilities. 23(1/2), pp.47 62. Chapter 3 Background 3.1Introduction The place of case study for this research will be in Platinum Lake (PV10). PV10 was built in 2008 and consists of four (4) blocks namely Block A, Block B, Block C and Block D. PV10 is a project under Platinum Victory Development (PVD) Sdn. Bhd. The condominium consists of 4 bedroom units with a spacious built up of 1,272 sf and 3 bedroom units with built up of 1,182 sf. Comprising of 800 units of condominium and 20 units of shop lots, the facilities in PV10 include swimming and wadding pools, tennis court, gymnasium, mini market, cafeteria, saloon, childrens playground and nursery, house keeping services, covered car park, multi purpose hall and satellite MATV. The surrounding of the PV10 is under 24 hour security with access card system at the main gate. The residents private recreational park encompasses more than 1 acre and with tropical themed swimming pool. (Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd., 2008) Besides being located in booming residential area of Danau Kota, the condominium is surrounded with tranquil and serene environment with breathtaking view of landscaped lake. There are two schools namely Sekolah Kebangsaan Danau Kota and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Danau Kota situated at the west of PV10. Meanwhile, on the south there are up coming new construction of projects by Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. and on the north east there is a Hindu temple. PV10 is also a 10 minutes drive away from the Duke highway as well as a 15 minutes drive away from downtown Kuala Lumpur. These show how strategic and convenient it is to stay in PV10. (Setapak, 2009) Figure 9Platinum Lake (PV10) Condominium Source: PV10 Blog (2009) In this research, more information was collected regarding PV10 Condominium through an informal interview with the Ar. Tan and Janice, who are the architect and maintenance executive of Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. Following are the maintenance and facilities in PV10 which were discussed through the interview. 3.2Maintenance In PV10 There are many types of maintenance available in PV 10. Maintenance is done in order that occupants in the condominium are able to have a nice and healthy life style when living in that community. Following are the types of maintenance available: 3.2.1Cleaning Services There are 12 cleaners everyday. This includes a supervisor. Two cleaners are placed at each block to collect rubbish to the refuse every morning. After that, general mopping on every floor, lobby and lift are to be done. There are also two cleaners placed at the common area such as car park, just to check out if there is any bulk rubbish. However, usually there is no rubbish there. On the other hand the playground and swimming pool area have lots of debris, left over food on the grass and rubbish thrown from high level. The cleaners will also be cleaning up these places. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.2Collection of Rubbish PV10 uses a refuse chamber for the rubbish collection. There are 2 spiral bins where rubbish can be squeezed and compacted. Besides that, there are 2 numbers of 16.4m cube volume model coded swb-14d. The DBKL contractor will collect once in 2 days as a routine. However, maintenance sometimes calls them to collect if they are full. Thus, the collection will be in different charges. For bulk waste or renovation waste, there is one (1) number of Roro Bin allocated. The size of the toll truck rubbish bin is 12ft x 16ft x 2ft deep and it takes five times trip per week and cost RM100 each trip. If more trips are required, maintenance can call to provide extra trip, but the cost will be rm150 per extra trip. (Ar. Tan and Janice, 2009) Residents who throw their rubbish in plastic bags will have to throw the rubbish in the rubbish ledge bin located at every floor. Maintenance will collect the rubbish during the morning and afternoon, which is two times per day. However, for bulk waste, residents have to carry them themselves and dump them into the ground floor Roro bin. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.3Lifts The brand of the lifts used in PV10 is EITA and this is a German brand. However, these products are manufactured and assembled in Malaysia, with the original design speed of the lifts at 150 meter per second. The Building by Law required every block of the building to have a fireman lift for safety purposes. (Ar. Tan, 2009) The lifts are all maintained according to emergency maintenance. If the lifts break down, then, there will be maintenance for the life. However, the lifts will also be checked from time to time so ensure that its safety requirements are made. (Janice, 2009) 3.2.4Lighting Lighting will consist of those at the common areas. Common areas are like corridor lights and car park lights. All the lights will be switched on at 7pm till next morning at 7am. However, the swimming pool light will off after 10pm. This is because after 10 pm, no one is allowed to swim. The landscape lighting will also be turned on from 7pm till 7am. (Janice, 2009) Figure 10Lighting at the corridor Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.2.5Water Supply System There are two (2) bulk meter, each for the common area and for the domestic use. For the common areas, they are charged on commercial rates. The shops in PV10 are charged on commercial rates. Meter for the common areas also refer to those for the garden tap, swimming pool, car park washing and also for the toilets and fire hydrant. On the other hand, domestic use is to supply to all the apartment units. It is charged by using water meter on every floor unit located near the lift lobby. (Janice, 2009) 3.3Facilties In PV10 There are many types of facilities available in PV10. These facilities are for the occupants to relax and have fun when staying in PV10. Besides that, the facilities are to provide safety measures to the occupants and to live a healthy life. Followings are the types of facilities available: 3.3.1Recreational Facilities In this research, the recreational facilities available refer to the facilities that could provide activities for the occupants to live a happy and healthy lifestyle. These are also places where the occupants can interact and get to know each other besides having a nice and enjoyable time relaxing. 3.3.1.1Childrens Playground The childrens playground is approved by the DBKL landscape department. Approval of the playground is based on the type of equipments at the playground and the approved brand. The approved brand mentioned means that the brand used have enough safety features to prevent accident or injury to children. (Tan, 2009) Figure 11Childrens Playground Source: PVD Sdn. Bhd. Webpage (2009) 3.3.1.1Swimming Pool There are three (3) types of pool in PV10. They are they children pool, adult pool and spa pool. Figure 12 Swimming Pool Source: PVD Sdn. Bhd. Webpage (2009) Children Pool The size of the children pool is 2 depth with 4 meter in radius. The pool system used is the overflow system with perimeter overflow drain. There is no sucking pit in the children pool. Hence, it is safer as there was a case in Malaysia where a childs leg got stuck into the pit and drowned. (Tan, 2009) Adult Pool On the other hand, the adult pool is 4 deep in size. In Malaysia, the law stated that 4 depth pool does not require a life guard. However, due to safety issue, the maintenance team provides a guard to control the pool area. An overflow system is used with overflow drain at the perimeter of the pool while incoming supply of water from the bottom of the pool. There are also pool depth indicators. Besides that the staircase for the pool is built using stainless steel due to its corrosion resistance and hardness in strength. (Tan, 2009) Figure 13Children pool and adult pool Source: PV10 Blog (2009) Pool System The pool system works in a very unique way. Firstly, there is the motor room which is for filtering. It also helps to change the water and it is a system for chlorine dropping.The balance tank is designed to add in water; taking prevention of lost during evaporation. Lastly for the water spill, it is used to balance the water level constant at overflow drain level. (Tan, 2009) The pool system runs on automatically in terms of filtering and chlorine dropping system. The water flow is controlled at two (2) changes in 12 hours. Thus, the pump flow is strong enough to have a complete four (4) cycles of the whole swimming pool water volume changed in one (1) day, which is 24 hours. (Ar. Tan) 3.3.2Health Facilities The health facilities available refer to the facilities that could allow the occupants to live a healthy lifestyle through exercising. These are also places where the occupants can interact and get to know each other besides having the time and access to build up their body or to stay fit. 3.3.2.1Gymnasium Only very basic equipments are provided in the gymnasium. Approval from the management staff will be needed to be able to access into the gymnasium. Occupants will have to present their identity with a residents card to get the approval. The operation for the gym will be from 7am to 10 pm. Near to the entrance of the gymnasium is a list of rules and regulations. For example, smoking and food are not allowed in the gymnasium. (Janice, 2009) 3.3.2.2Tennis Court The tennis court is as 23.744 m X 10.973 m in size with a surrounding width of three (3) m and (6) m. The tennis court is also like the gymnasium, where there it can be used during the day and also at night. Occupants will have to get approval and also present themselves with the residents card in order to be able to use the tennis court. (Tan and Janice, 2009) Figure 14Tennis court Source: PVD Webpage (2009) 3.3.3Safety Facilities The safety facilities in this research refer to the facilities that could provide a safe and secure life for the occupants. These are the facilities where the occupants can go to in case of emergency and also for information about the condominium. 3.3.3.1Security There are two shifts of guards in PV10. The day time shift has ten (10) guards on duty, while for the night shift, there are nine (9) guards on duty. There are more guards in the day time shift compared to the night time shift because most of the houses which have been broke into happen during day time when occupants are out for work. (Janice, 2009) The guards are spread out accordingly. Two (2) guards will be located at the guard house, one (1) at the swimming pool, one (1) guard at the lift lobby of each block which total up to four (4) guards, one guard who will patrol around the third (3rd) level and the subsequent levels and another is to patrol the car park floor and motorcycles. (Janice, 2009) Besides that, there are two (2) security cameras pointing at the drivers face and car plate number, which are situated at the entrance and exit of the condominium. Security cameras are also provided at the car parks of every floor. This is to record the people that goes in and out from the condominium. (Janice, 2009) Figure 15Guard house Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.3.3.2Fire Fighting System There is a requirement where there should be a fireman lift for each block. When there is a fire breakdown, all lifts will automatically go down and stop at the ground floor with the lift door open. Firemen will then be able to operate the fireman lift. Besides that, there are escape staircase which are all protected with reinforced concrete wall or 6 thick brick wall. This specification is equivalent to 2 hours fire rated. Staircases are also natural ventilated with no needs of pressurization. All staircases access to ground floor. The smoke detector and fire alarms are placed in all lift lobbies and M E rooms. All the systems are linked back to fire panel in the guard house where the guards can monitor. In every floor in the lobby, there is a dry riser or hose reel. There are also three (3) number of 9 kg dry powder extinguishers on every floor of the corridor. (Tan, 2009) 3.3.4Car Park System According to the law of DBKL, one (1) unit is to 1.2 car park plus (+) 20% for visitor. Therefore, total number of minimum car parks that should be provided is 1120 in number. (800 units X 1.2) + (800 X 20%) = 1120 However, the actual number of car parks provided in PV10 is 1394 in total. Under the Sales and Purchase (SP) Agreement, 1 unit will be given 1 car park. An extra car park will be sold at RM 12,000 and this depends on the buyers. (Tan, 2009) Owners of the car parks are given a sticker and access card to park their vehicle in PV10.All cars without the sticker and access card will not be allowed to enter into PV10. Visitors are to show their identity card (IC) and the IC is to be kept by the guard in the guard house while the visitors are in the PV10. All car parks are written decimated unit number. Random parking on other persons parking lot will be locked and a penalty of RM50 will be charged. Parking on non-parking areas will be locked as well. Lorries for loading and unloading will have to inform the guard at the guard house and give the owners or residents unit. Renovation contractor will have to show renovation approval from management and a deposit of RM200 will be collected. This is to ensure that no damages are done during construction of works. (Janice, 2009) Under the Strata Title Act, the car park is a separate lot under accessory parcel attached to the main unit parcel, it can not be disposed off (meaning sold off) separately without the main parcel. Once the application is done at the land office, it is not possible to add in another car park accessory into the main parcel. (Tan, 2009) 3.4Maintenance of Facilities 3.4.1Swimming Pool For the swimming pool, maintenance is done every alternate day and chlorine dropping at the pool will be checked. Besides that, the pool area will also be vacuumed to keep the pool clean. The filter is flushed out once every month to make sure that the filter is clean and performing well in keeping the pool clean. 3.4.2Fogging Fogging is done for mosquito control. This will only be carried out if it is requested and approved by the Joint Management Body (JMB) committee. (Janice, 2009) 3.4.3Posting System For the posting system, the Pos Malaysia will deliver the mails to the office every morning. A maintenance staff will then distribute to every block at the ground floor area where letter box for all units is placed. However, certain letters such as for quit rent, land tax and electricity bills will be delivered to the maintenance office. (Janice, 2009) 3.4.4Landscape Watering of flowers is manually done each day. The plants are fertilized once every two weeks. If there were to be any addition or replacement of new plants or tree, permission must be taken from the maintenance. (Janice, 2009) Figure 16Landscape Source: PV10 Blog (2009) 3.4.5Signage System There are also different types of signage used in PV10. They are for the: Fire fighting system For the fire fighting system, there are signage to show the direction for escape, fire appliances and mimic diagram. Traffic system Signage for traffic system is to show the traffic flow, car park numbering and visitors or residents car parks. Directional system For this system, signage are for the layout plan of the guard house or the maintenance office. Safety signage This signage are for the swimming pool rules and regulation, and also for the car park which serve as warning for not leaving personal belongings in the car. (Tan and Janice, 2009) 3.4.6Health Concern At the present H1N1 disease that is spreading around the world, a brief on health measure was given to ensure occupants take prevention. Sanitizations are used at all public door handles and lift buttons. Residents are to report to the Joint Management Committee (JMC) or guard if there is any case of infection which happens in the condominium. At the kindergarten in PV10, all students body temperature is check at the start and end of school. In addition, all management staffs, cleaners, gardeners, guards and shop workers who have flu or symptoms must self quarantine and are not allowed to work until they are fully recovered. (Janice, 2009) Besides that, all food stalls are to install grease trap to block grease and debris from entering the drain. Jabatan Kesihatan will have to do checking for approval of all the food stalls. (Tan, 2009) Reference Platinum Victory Development Sdn. Bhd. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://www.platinumvictory.com/ PV10 Blog. Viewed on 16 August 2009. Available from: https://jmcpv10.blogspot.com/ and https://pv10.highrise.my Report According to the actual and planned schedule, there are some variations in the actual schedule compared to the planned scheduled. The reasons for these differences are: The title proposed was not only to the approval of one supervisor as I have to get the approval from another supervisor. I am under the supervision of Ms. Puspa as my main supervisor but also under the supervision of Madam Janaky to look through my work. Proposal took a longer time because every time there is minor things to be changed after the vetting of the proposal. It was considered correctly done by week 9. Literature Review was on track and actually still in the process of amendment and this will last till next semester. Following are the log book sheets according to the improvement and the time I meet my supervisor. Included in this report are also the sources that I used.

Definition and Examples of Parallel Structures

In English grammar, parallel structure  involves two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar in length and grammatical form. Also called parallelism. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. The use of parallel structures, says  Ann Raimes, helps produce cohesion and coherence in a text (Keys for Writers, 2014).  In traditional grammar, the failure to express such items in similar grammatical form is called faulty parallelism. Examples and Observations Parallel Structures in Proverbs- Easy come, easy go.- No pain, no gain.-  Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose.- One mans trash is another mans treasure.- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.Never hurry and never worry!(Charlottes advice to Wilbur in Charlottes Web by E.B. White, 1952)It is by logic we prove, but by intuition we discover.(Leonardo da Vinci)We spend our youth attempting to change the future, and the rest of our lives trying to preserve the past.(Arthur Bryant in Seventy-Seven Clocks by Christopher Fowler. Bantam, 2005)  Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been sober, responsible, and cautious, but because it has been playful, rebellious, and immature.(Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker, 1980)When success happens to an English writer, he acquires a new typewriter. When success happens to an American writer, he acquires a new life.(Martin Amis, Kurt Vonnegut: After the Slaughterhouse. The Moronic Inferno. Jonathan Cape, 1986 )A good ad should be like a good sermon; it must not only comfort the afflicted—it also must afflict the comfortable.​(Bernice Fitz-Gibbon, Macys, Gimbels, and Me: How to Earn $90,000 a Year in Retail Advertising. Simon and Schuster, 1967)If you are idle, be not solitary; if you are solitary, be not idle.(Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791)Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.(Francis Bacon, Of Studies, 1625)Those who write clearly have readers; those who write obscurely have commentators.(Attributed to Albert Camus)I had been short, and now I was tall. I had been skinny and quiet and religious, and now I was good-looking and muscular. It was Sally Baldwin who brought me along, told me what to wear and do and think and say. She was never wrong; she never lost her patience. She created me, and when she was done we broke up in a formal se nse, but she kept calling me.(Jane Smiley, Good Faith. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003)The wheels wheeled, the chairs spun, the cotton candy tinted the faces of children, the bright leaves tinted the woods and hills. A cluster of amplifiers spread the theme of love over everything and everybody; the mild breeze spread the dust over everything and everybody. Next morning, in the Lafayette Hotel in Portland, I went down to breakfast and found May Craig looking solemn at one of the tables and Mr. Murray, the auctioneer, looking cheerful at another.(E.B. White, Goodbye to Forty-Eighth Street. Essays of E.B. White. Harper, 1977) Guidelines for Creating Parallel Structures Adjectives should be paralleled by adjectives, nouns by nouns, dependent clauses by dependent clauses, and so on.​WRONG: Your new training program was stimulating and a challenge. (Adjective and noun.)RIGHT: Your new training program was stimulating and challenging. (Two adjectives.) . . .NOTE: Parallelism is especially important in displayed enumerations: POOR: This article will discuss:1. How to deal with corporate politics.2. Coping with stressful situations.3. What the role of the manager should be in the community. BETTER: This article will discuss:1. Ways to deal with corporate politics.2. Techniques of coping with stressful situations.3. The​ role of the manager in the community. OR: This article will tell managers how to:1. Deal with corporate politics.2. Cope with stressful situations.3. Function in the community. (William A. Sabin, The Gregg Reference Manual, 10th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2005)When you write a sentence with a series of clauses, make sure that they start and end the same way. If you dont, you destroy the rhythm youve tried to establish. More important, if you use parallel structures your readers will have a more enjoyable time absorbing and understanding your facts, ideas, and concepts.(Robert M. Knight, A Journalistic Approach to Good Writing. Wiley, 2003)

Christianity And Hinduism A Theological Perspective

When looking at Christianity and Hinduism there are many ways to look at each religion from a theological perspective. This is why the best way to look at the broad view of these religions would be to analyze each by comparing and contrasting what each religion is about. The first point to look at would be at how Hinduism and Christianity are very similar in how they view the world. This can be seen in how they both strive to achieve a state of higher being whether it be with the eternal state of Moksha or eternal life in heaven with God. They both also look to be more introspective of themselves in order to maintain a good relationship with their higher being. This can be seen with Christians trying their hardest to maintain their faithfulness to God (Letter to the Romans, Reader p. 200) or Hindus making sure to maintain their duties in their caste in order to climb the system (Bhagavad Gita, Reader p. 75). Another comparison would be that Christianity follows the â€Å"Golde n Rule† which is better known in the Hindu religion as karma. This is an important cornerstone to both religions because it creates a system of justice for both religions to follow. To truly examine these two religions one must also look at the differences that each religion has to each other that make them each a unique belief. A main difference would be that Christianity focuses more on the short term while Hinduism focuses more on the long term. Another difference is the rewards that a ChristianShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Spiritual Conditions May Impact The Success Of Patient s Treatment And How Helpful Human Faith?1394 Words   |  6 Pagesto assess whether spiritual conditions may impact the success of patient’s treatment and how helpful human faith can be.The aim of this paper is to share the spiritual perspectives of people with diverse faiths and to analyze those with Christian philosophy of faith and healing. 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On the other hand, a community of individuals who follow a shared set of beliefs and continue to pass those beliefs down to generations to come are taking part in the practice of religion. In the perspective of many individuals, religion also consists of an institution that can hold a group of people so that they can participate in some sort of scheduled worship in privacy. The approach to worship can vary from different practices such as repeatingRead MoreThe Clash of Faith and Evidence1545 Words   |  6 Pagesfaith. Advocates of this perspective say that history proves true of the infinite struggle. The conflict thesis, popularized by scient ist John William Draper and writer Andrew White, holds that religion and science have been in conflict continuously throughout history. One view opposing the conflict thesis states, Although popular images of controversy continue to exemplify the supposed hostility of Christianity to new scientific theories, studies have shown that Christianity has often nurtured andRead MoreHistory Of Human Civilization On Earth1890 Words   |  8 Pagespreserved its’ cultural belief systems from the culture’s infancy to present day. Spreading out of the Indus Valley, which presently lies on the border of Pakistan and India, two major religions were developed, Buddhism and Hinduism. Similar to other religions, such as Christianity etc., both religions each have several denominations most likely caused by the geographical differences from the spreading away from the origin. These differences have resulted in distinctly different ways of conceptualizing

Deciduous Forests Essay Example For Students

Deciduous Forests Essay Deciduous ForestsINTRODUCTION A deciduous forest, simply described is a forest that is leaflessduring the winter. Eury species make up this type of forest, meaning that thespecies can tolerate a wide range of conditions.In the extreme northernlatitudes, the growing season is short causing the trees to be leafless themajority of the year. The deciduous forest is subjected to distinct weathercycles and temperature shifts. In this area of the northeast we experience fourdistinct seasons, and for a tree species to thrive it must adapt to the stressescorresponding to each season. Of the three basic types of temperate broadleaf forests, (temperate deciduousforest, temperate woodlands, and temperate evergreen forest) our lab data dealswith characteristics of the temperate deciduous forest. This forest type oncecovered large portions of Eurasia, South America, and North America. As withmost native forests, they have been cleared so that the land could be used forfarming or residential use. The temperate deciduous forests of North Americawere more diverse than the same type of forests in Europe due to glacial history. Glacial action dumped till as the ice edge retreated, and North Americainherited a fertile soil base. Soil type is an important factor for whichspecies of trees can thrive in an area. The general dominant tree species fortemperate deciduous forests are Beech, Ash, Oak, and in our region also Tulip,Maple, Birch, and Hickory. Developed forests consist of four layers. The layersare: canopy, sub canopy, shrub, and ground cover. This layering affect benefitsthe diversity of the ecosystem by providing a rich variety of habitats. It is aresult of adaptation and competition for sunlight and shows the continuingprocess of succession. The stratification of a forest, by intercepting the someof the available sunlight at various locations, also creates micro-climates witha wide range of temperatures and moisture conditions. The soil composition alsogreatly influences the amount of water that is available to the plant species. The composition of the soil, the various layer development and the nutrientcontent are major factors in the survival of specific species of trees. Climateand soil type are a-biotic factors, meaning they are outside and uncontrollableby the species itself. Insect infestations such as Gypsy moths and disease suchas the Chestnut blight are also a-biotic factors that in a relatively shortperiod of time can severely thin out or destroy a specific species of tree.Itmight just add enough stress to one species, where a competing species will thenout-compete it and then dominate. The cycle of dropping the leaves when the days grow short is vital for thereplenishment of nutrients in the soil. This litter layer decomposes and returnsorganic material to the trees through leeching and decomposition into the uppersoil layers where they can be reused by re-absorption through the roots. METHODS This lab involved the investigation of a deciduous forest located on theundeveloped portion of the campus. The survey techniques used to collect datafor the vegetation analysis portion of this lab were the quadrant and lineintercept methods. Using pre-established 25 meter square plots, on oppositesides of a stream, the tree species and sizes were mapped and recorded. Breastheight diameter measurements were made on the canopy and sub canopy trees ineach quadrant. The types of trees found and the number per species was recordedand used to figure which species were dominate. Each quadrant also used a randomline intercept of 10 meters in length to determine the density of the bushcoverage of the quadrants. A soil analysis of both sides of the creek was alsoconducted to determine the affects of a-biotic conditions on the species..recorded in the vegetation analysis. Multiple samples of the A1 and A2 horizonswere collected and analyzed using standard screening and drying stages tod etermine soil particle size and moisture content. The measurement of thespecific gravity using a hydrometer while the soil particles are settling out ina flask is used to calculate the percentages of sand, silt, and clay fractionsof the soil samples. These sampling techniques were derived from exercises #14and #40 located in: George W. Cox, Laboratory Manual of General Ecology, seventhedition, W.C. Brown Publishing, 1996. .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .postImageUrl , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:hover , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:visited , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:active { border:0!important; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:active , .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79 .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d09dc6b8fd724d2e46f110d74d02c79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Portrait Of The Artist As Young Man (1090 words) EssayRESULTS DISCUSSION The data for this lab was analyzed in stages.In the twocharts provided, the overall differences between the two sides of the forest canbe seen. The first chart compares the tree species found on each side of theforest and shows the relative dominance.Relative

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Recruitmen an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment As Compton, Morrissey and Nankervis suggest, while the organization may have a thorough understanding of the job requirements, HR department will need to evaluate the most effective recruitment methods, internally and externally, otherwise HR practitioners may fail in acquiring the most suitable pool of applicants (2002, pp.52-57). The main decision facing HR and line management may be whether the most suitable applicants can be sourced using internal or external recruitment methods and which will provide the best pool of applicants (Irwin, 2003, p.21). Internal recruitment refers to the assessment and evaluation of employees from within the organization as they move from job to job via transfer and promotion systems. Need essay sample on "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Internal recruitment is the promoting, or advancing of employees within the organization, which focuses on hiring individuals within the organization. Job posting is an important way to inform the internal employees of any job openings. Substantive methods are used to select internal finalist from internal candidates. Some advantages of internal recruiting are: recruiting costs - since the recruiting machinery is focused on an already existing pool of employees to fill a vacant position, and therefore selection and socializing processes are less time and dollar consuming, internal tends to be less expensive (Compton, Morrissey & Nankervis, 2002, p.67). Motivation is also another advantage because the prospect of potential promotion or transfers provides a clear sign to the current work force that the organization offers room for advancement (Irwin, 2003, p.29). And also familiarity of the employee has a two-side effect. On one hand the employee is familiar with the organizations poli cies, procedures, and customs. At the same time, the organization has established an employment history showing the workers formal and informal skills and abilities. Some disadvantages are inbreeding which results in the reduced likelihood of innovation and new perspectives. And also internal recruiting demands a higher degree of employee training (Stone, 2002, p.182). Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper online? Specialists recommend: We are the best company! Internal recruitment uses the same logic of prediction approach as for external selection. Some advantages of internal logic of perdition is that data collected on internal applicants in their previous jobs often provide greater depth, relevance, and verifiability than data collected on external applicants. Reliable data on external applicants may be difficult to obtain because of privacy/legal issues and may not always present the whole picture or an accurate picture of their past experiences. Internal recruitment process may generate a large number of applicants for vacant positions, especially when an open rather than a closed recruitment system is used. However, for small companies internal recruitment represents a challenging task, because of limited pool of candidates. Simultaneously, disadvantages of internal recruitment usually come from positive aspects external recruitment brings to HR management. One growing method of external recruitment has been the use of the Internet. Due to the advances in technology and changing demographic of the workforce, more people are accessing the Internet as a form of job search (Stone, 2002, pp.187-188). There are numerous benefits towards the organization including speed of recruiting results and reduced costs due to the inexpensive use of the Web instead of print media (HR Focus, Mar. 2000, p13). Further, research showed that 80 percent of businesses surveyed believed candidates who came via the Web are of a higher calibre than o thers (HR Focus, Mar. 2000, p.14). The question of whether HR department or company should use external methods against internal is highly debated especially in the context of turbulent workforce. Literature and practical experience suggest that there recruitment strategy could not be effective unless it contains multi-sided approach towards recruitment methods. Internal recruitment offers many benefits for modern HR department, including low recruitment cost, additional motivation and high morale for companys employees and more secure and reliable data about applicant. Simultaneously, internal recruitment is a slow process, comparing with external recruitment, and is hardly applicable for small businesses to manage their human resources. Bibliography HR Focus, (2000) 'Online Recruiting: What works, what doesn't', March, Issue 00-3, pp1-14. Compton, R.L., Morrissey, W.J. & Nankervis, A.R. (2002) Effective Recruitment and Selection Practices, 3rd Ed, Cambridge University Press Irwin, R. (2003) Study Guide: Staff Selection and Appraisal, Southern Cross University, Lismore. Stone, R.J. (2002) Human Resource Management, 4th Ed. Rutledge,

BRITISH WOMENS BATTLE WITH, AND FOR THEIR GOVERNMENT IN THE essays

BRITISH WOMENS BATTLE WITH, AND FOR THEIR GOVERNMENT IN THE essays BRITISH WOMENS BATTLE WITH, AND FOR THEIR GOVERNMENT IN THEIR STRUGGLE TO ACHIEVE EQUALITY During the dynamic years of the early 1900s when the First World War was complicating womens relationships to the state, many feminists and suffragists were supporting the war in light of patriotism and the opportunity they capitalized on to demonstrate their civic responsibilities and gain their right to vote. Womens selfless service to country over identity during a time of great need in their country played a major part in Britains ability to sustain a German attack and was not to be overlooked. During this time, women proved to play an important role in the forward progress of the British nation. Women supported the war effort out of patriotism and the fact that a strong contribution from them would go a long way in bringing about social reformation. By playing such key roles in the success of Great Britains military, womens relationship to the state became one that consisted of a considerable amount of clout. The rights of British women, which had been an ongoing topic of debat e, were brought to the attention of the state after making such important contributions during the First World War and eventually led to the first enfranchisement of women. During the First World War, duty to country overcame the self-righteous fulfillment in duty to self within the women of Great Britain, causing the relationships between women and the state to become ever more complicated. The women, who had been deep-rooted in fighting an ongoing battle for enfranchisement, reassessed their priorities, and after the announcement of war in August of 1914, decided against their prior stance on war which was that of pacifism, and proclaimed a suspension of suffrage activity to focus their energy towards the war effort and free the government of the worries and hassles they caused them. ...In exchange, the government...

Why the consumer should buy BMW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why the consumer should buy BMW - Essay Example Furthermore, the essay will also argue as to why consumers will prefer buying BMW over other luxury cars. BMW’s innovations and performances in the segment of luxury car have acquired the repute of ‘the Ultimate Driving Machine’ from its numerous loyal customers. Automobiles are subjected to make regular and proper maintenance in order to ensure long life of the vehicle. However, maintenance costs of the vehicle are not for free and generally appear with a considerable price. Annually, it may cost approximately US $500 in maintenance for most of the luxury cars in the initial stages. However, at the later stages, a consumer may require to incur huge expenses due to massive changes in the machinery parts of the vehicle (BMW of North America, LLC, â€Å"Owners†). In relation to the operational performances, it has been viewed that BMW offers free maintenance of its vehicles to its customers for a period of four years. In fact, more than US $2,000 can be saved relating to the maintenance costs in contrast with other luxury cars. Furthermore, the company provides much assistance to its customers by offering roadside support without any additional costs for the initial 4 years.

Interview with a Health Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview with a Health Professional - Essay Example There are increasing numbers of people who pursue careers in the health care industry. The reasons for delving into this challenging, yet rewarding array of health professions are diverse – which could be distinctly unique for some or universal as encompassing themes of care for others. The paramedic, in particular, is a dynamic and evolving career that interests people with genuine desire to provide immediate response to health dilemmas. The Australasian Council of Paramedic (ACP) (2008, p. 1) defines a paramedic as â€Å"a specialist health care professional who responds to requests for assistance and attends people suffering acute health crises of any nature†. Their roles and responsibilities encompass providing assessment, diagnoses and treatment to patients in health crises outside of the hospital setting. The paper hereby aims to initially conduct an interview with a health professional: a paramedic, specifically for this purpose; to summarize, reflect and evaluate on the findings and eventually to link specifically identified issues to related relevant literatures on the subject. To achieve the objective, the health professional interviewed is Peter Broadbent, a 30 year old paramedic based in Beverley Uranium Mine. The discourse would therefore summarize details from the interview and to provide a reflection with link to health literatures based on three issues: the concept of enjoyment in one’s profession, the frustrating instances, and the significant factors that impact his profession. ... The discourse would therefore summarize details from the interview and to provide a reflection with link to health literatures based on three issues: the concept of enjoyment in one’s profession, the frustrating instances, and the significant factors that impact his profession. Findings and Evaluation 1. Profile of the Interviewee With approval sought to cite his name and details provided from the interview in the current paper, Peter Broadbent has indicated that he has been working as a paramedic for four years with main responsibilities revealed by him as: provision of pre-hospital medical care in a remote location, health promotion, and testing employees for alcohol and other drugs, among others. His working hours on a weekly basis total 168 hours, with 84 hours on-duty and 84 hours on-call. Prior to delving into the details of the three specific issues identified that influence and impact his profession, Broadbent averred that from his experience, the two main issues he co nsidered prominently facing and affecting paramedics in their working life are fatigue and â€Å"burn-out†. 2. The Benefit of Enjoyment When asked â€Å"what do you enjoy most about your job?†, Broadbent’s reply was: (1) diagnosis and treatment of various illnesses; (2) interaction with patients and other members of the workplace population; and (3) the magnificent scenery in the Australian outback. Further, he clearly emphasized that having genuine enthusiasm for one’s career choice is the secret to satisfaction and enjoyment. The ability to provide enjoyment, satisfaction or pleasure in one’s job is linked to the theory of motivation in the work place, specifically Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, where people have varieties of needs that manifest

A College Degree Is Worth the Effort and Expense Essay Example for Free

A College Degree Is Worth the Effort and Expense Essay In today’s economy many people wonder if a college degree is worth the time, effort, and expense it takes to complete it. I, a twenty-seven year old who did not think it was worth it when I graduated from high school, have changed my position on the issue. I have had experience in today’s workforce and it is not easy to find a satisfying job with only a high school diploma and it is extremely difficult to find a job with decent pay and any benefits in which you have a chance of advancing in that career. These things are essential for a productive and fulfilling life. I believe that getting a college degree is well worth the time, effort, and expenses. A report by the Pew Research Center found that college graduates make about $550,000 more than high school graduates over the course of their careers (Cass). This shows the significantly larger income opportunities of having a college degree versus only a high school diploma. Imagine the difference of making $465,000 compared to $1,015,000 over a thirty year career? Breaking that down for $465,000 would be $15,500 a year, $1,291. 67 a month, $300. 39 a week, and $7. 51 a hour compared to $1,015,000 or $33,833. 33 a year, $2,819. 44 a month, $655. 68 a week, and $16. 39 a hour. It is a big difference! In today’s workforce we have an increase in unemployment. The unemployment rate in 2010 was 5. 4 percent for people with bachelor’s degrees and less for those with higher degrees, according to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Meanwhile, 7 percent of those with associate’s degrees and 10. 3 percent of those with only a high school diploma were out of work (Cass). This shows that obtaining a college degree enhances chances of becoming gainfully employed. Charles Wallace also writes about the demands of our workforce and our need for college education. Wallace quotes a report that â€Å"estimates the economy will create about 47 million jobs by 2018, including 14 million new jobs and 33 million jobs replacing workers who leave or retire. About 33 percent of those jobs will require a bachelor’s degree and another 30 percent will require an associate’s degree or at least some college training. Only a third will be available to people with a high  school diploma or less. † The cost of college has increased more than many other things in today’s society, in fact â€Å"the cost of college has nearly doubled in the past 10 years, while housing costs and the overall Consumer Price Index have risen less than 25 percent† (Cass). However the rewards you can get from college still outweigh the effort and expense at least for now. The government is trying to help ease the burden, â€Å"starting in July 2014, loan recipients will have to devote only 10 percent of their income to loan repayments, rather than 15 percent. And those loans will be forgiven after 20 years, rather than the current 25 years† (Brooks). If the costs continue to rise so dramatically then the costs will eventually begin to outweigh the rewards. However when you look at the rewards you have to look at more than just the financial gains; there are many other rewards to consider such as health insurance, retirement plans, experience with more diverse cultures, and the positive self-improvements that come with college education. As Charles Nelson, writer of the essay, â€Å"Investing in Futures: the Cost of College† states, â€Å"degrees pay off in other ways too. College exposes students to new issues and subject areas; it helps students to consider the value of things that might otherwise seem pointless; college graduates may lead more rewarding lives, being more mentally engaged by their surroundings (333). I believe a college education is a very important investment. It outweighs the costs many times over. College education opens many doors and lasts a lifetime. It increases the ability to understand other societies, helps to explore options that may have never been considered before, and contributes to a greater sense of self fulfillment and self-worth.

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